Contamination of the freshwater ecosystem by pesticides.
Abstract
Contains data giving the relative toxicities to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri[Oncorhynchus mykiss]) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), a stonefly nymph (Pteronarcys cali-fornicus) and two water fleas (Daphnia pulex and Simocephalus serrulatus) of the herbicides trifluralin, copper sulfate, Hydram (ethyl-1-hexamethylenei-mine carbothiolate), 2, 4-D (PGBE [=propylene glycol butyl ether ester]), fenoprop (PGBE), diuron, fenac Na, diquat, dichlobenil and sodium arsenite in terms of 48-h EC50 values [=effective concentration causing 50% mortality]: these ranged from 11 and 19 parts per thousand million in the case of trifluralin with, respectively, rainbow trout and bluegill, to 36, 500 and 44, 000 parts in the case of sodium arsenite. 2800 parts copper sulfate and 16, 600 parts fenoprop per thousand million were toxic to bluegill.-P.K.