Sublethal effects of fenitrothion on forest passerines.
Abstract
Results are reported from a 5-yr study to examine sublethal and long-term consequences on forest songbirds of the application of fenitrothion (at 280 g a.i./ha) for control of spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana] in second-growth boreal forest (mean canopy height 9 m, dominant tree species Thuja occidentalis, Abies balsamea, Betula papyrifera, Picea glauca, Populus tremuloides) near Searchmont, Ontario. Observations on three indicator species - chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), magnolia warbler (D. magnolia), white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) - indicated some initial changes in foraging behaviour but no long-term effects on populations.