Reversing habitat loss: an experimental test of the interactive effects of grazing exclusion and surface rock restoration on reptile conservation.
Abstract
Restoring structural elements of habitats and understanding how restoration interacts with environmental factors such as grazing management can be crucial for improving conservation outcomes in agricultural landscapes. Surface rock is a structural habitat type that is critical for a range of reptile species; yet, it is often poorly managed and protected. Using a Before/After, Control/Impact (BACI) design, we experimentally quantified the response of reptiles to surface rock restoration in an agricultural landscape, and tested whether its effects interacted with livestock grazing treatments to influence various reptile diversity measures. To implement our crossed factorial design, we added approximately 50 tonnes of rock and 1 km of grazing exclusion fencing across 10 sites in south-eastern Australia. We found increases in the number of total reptile captures, total individuals and species richness when comparing rock addition plots to non-rock plots. There was no significant overall grazing exclusion effect or interactive effect of grazing and rock treatment on reptile measures. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides experimental evidence that surface rock addition is an effective restoration method for reptiles in agricultural landscapes. We recommend that the addition of surface rock is prioritised as a restoration tool for reptiles, and that existing surface rock areas are protected from clearing.